Childhood Blood Lead Levels in North Carolina
Why blood lead testing matters
Blood lead levels are the only way to know if a child has been exposed to lead. Even small amounts can affect brain development, behavior, and school performance. North Carolina tracks these levels through its pediatric screening program to identify children who need care and communities where exposure is happening.
North Carolina's screening program
North Carolina requires blood lead testing for children ages 1–5 through Medicaid and the Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (CLPPP). The state health department's Division of Environmental Health and Safety oversees lead surveillance and prevention efforts.
All children on Medicaid must be tested at least once. For uninsured and underinsured children, the CLPPP provides free screening through participating clinics and health departments in all 100 counties. Testing is done with a simple finger prick or blood draw—results typically come back within days.
What the data shows
The CDC tracks the percentage of children in each North Carolina county with confirmed elevated blood lead levels (≥3.5 µg/dL). These county-level percentages vary widely and help identify where exposure risks are highest. Lead in drinking water, painted surfaces in older homes, soil, and occupational exposure are all sources.
If your child has an elevated result, your healthcare provider will talk with you about next steps—including home inspection, water testing, and follow-up testing to monitor trends.
How to access data
To request your county's current blood lead surveillance data or to find a screening location near you:
- Contact the NC Division of Environmental Health and Safety, Lead Poisoning Prevention Program
- Call your local health department (county-level offices can connect you to screening services)
- Visit the NC Division of Public Health website for county contacts and resources
Water from your tap is just one source of lead exposure. A full picture includes your home's age, condition, and any renovation history.
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Next steps for residents
- Ask your child's pediatrician about blood lead screening—it's free for Medicaid-enrolled children and available low-cost through county health departments
- If your home was built before 1978, assume painted surfaces may contain lead; get a professional assessment before any renovation
- Contact your water utility about their lead service line inventory and any available testing programs